Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2021
Abstract
Significance: Infrared (IR) inhibition can selectively block peripheral sensory nerve fibers, a potential treatment for autonomic-dysfunction-related diseases (e.g., neuropathic pain and interstitial cystitis). Lowering the IR inhibition threshold can increase its translational potentials. Aim: Infrared induces inhibition by enhancing potassium channel activation. We hypothesized that the IR dose threshold could be reduced by combining it with isotonic ion replacement. Approach: We tested the IR inhibition threshold on the pleural-abdominal connective of Aplysia californica. Using a customized chamber system, the IR inhibition was applied either in normal saline or in isotonic ion-replaced saline, which could be high glucose saline, high choline saline, or high glucose/high choline saline. Each modified saline was at a subthreshold concentration for inhibiting neural conduction. Results: We showed that isotonically replacing ions in saline with glucose and/or choline can reduce the IR threshold and temperature threshold of neural inhibition. Furthermore, the size selectivity of IR inhibition was preserved when combined with high glucose/high choline saline. Conclusions: The present work of IR inhibition combined with isotonic ion replacement will guide further development of a more effective size-selective IR inhibition modality for future research and translational applications.
Keywords
glucose block, infrared neural inhibition, infrared neuromodulation, neurophotonics, size selectivity
Language
English
Publication Title
Neurophotonics
Grant
OT2 OD025307
Rights
© 2020 The Author(s). This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
Junqi Zhuo, Zihui Ou, Yuhan Zhang, Elizabeth M. Jackson, Sachin S. Shankar, Matthew T. McPheeters, Jeremy B. Ford, E. Duco Jansen, Hillel J. Chiel, Michael W. Jenkins, "Isotonic ion replacement can lower the threshold for selective infrared neural inhibition," Neurophoton. 8(1) 015005 (19 February 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.8.1.015005
Manuscript Version
Final Publisher Version