Association of School Instructional Mode with Community COVID-19 Incidence during August–December 2020 in Cuyahoga County, Ohio

Authors

• Pauline D. Terebuh, Case Western Reserve UniversityFollow
• Jeffrey M. Albert, Case Western Reserve UniversityFollow
• Jacqueline W. Curtis, Case Western Reserve UniversityFollow
• Kurt C. Stange, Case Western Reserve UniversityFollow
• Jill E. Miracle, Case Western Reserve University
• Wail Yar, Case Western Reserve UniversityFollow
• Prakash R. Ganesh, Case Western Reserve UniversityFollow
• Heidi L. Gullett, Case Western Reserve UniversityFollow
• Johnie Rose, Case Western Reserve UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-28-2024

Abstract

Remote and hybrid modes of instruction were employed as alternatives to in-person instruction as part of early mitigation efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the impact of a public school district’s instructional mode on cumulative incidence and transmission in the surrounding community by employing a generalized estimating equations approach to estimate the association with weekly COVID-19 case counts by zip code in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, from August to December 2020. Remote instruction only (RI) was employed by 7 of 20 school districts; 13 used some non-remote instruction (NRI) (2–15 weeks). Weekly incidence increased in all zip codes from August to peak in late fall before declining. The zip code cumulative incidence within NRI school districts was higher than in those offering only RI (risk ratio = 1.12, p = 0.01; risk difference = 519 per 100,000, 95% confidence interval (123–519)). The mean effect for NRI on emergent cases 2 weeks after mode exposure, controlling for Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), was significant only for high SVI zip codes 1.30, p < 0.001. NRI may be associated with increased community COVID-19 incidence, particularly in communities with high SVI. Vulnerable communities may need more resources to open schools safely.

Keywords

community transmission, COVID-19, distance education, return to school, social determinants of health

Language

English

Publication Title

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Rights

© 2024 by the authors. This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Recommended Citation

Terebuh, P. D., Albert, J. M., Curtis, J. W., Stange, K. C., Hrusch, S., Brennan, K., Miracle, J. E., Yar, W., Ganesh, P. R., Gullett, H. L., & Rose, J. (2024). Association of School Instructional Mode with Community COVID-19 Incidence during August–December 2020 in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(5), 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050569