Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2-11-2025
Abstract
Background: It is widely accepted that corticosteroids cause leukocytosis. Clinicians must decide whether a rise in white blood cell (WBC) count is due to steroids versus other processes like developing infection. Objective: The objective of this study is to measure the increase in white blood cell count after corticosteroid administration in hospitalized patients without malignancy, infection, or immune dysfunction. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study from 2017 to 2018 in a single large healthcare system. We analyzed the trajectory of WBC count stratified by steroid dose. The study included nonsurgical patients admitted with at least two complete blood count measurements. Patients were excluded if they had immunosuppression, infection, malignancy, or steroid use within 2 weeks before admission. The main outcome was mean WBC count by day following corticosteroid administration. Results: Our sample included 28,425 patients with at least two WBC measurements, 1608 (5.7%) of which received steroids. WBC response peaked at 48 h after steroid administration with a mean increase of 2.4 × 10⁹/L WBCs. In all patients on steroids, across doses, the mean increase was 0.3 × 10⁹/L WBCs, 1.7 × 10⁹/L WBCs, and 4.84 × 10⁹/L WBCs in low, medium, and high dose groups, respectively. For patients not on steroids, the mean WBC count decreased during hospitalization. Conclusions: When interpreting WBC counts after initiating steroids, increases of up to 4.84 × 10⁹/L cells may be seen within 48 h after high-dose steroids. Larger increases, and any increase after low-dose steroids, suggest other causes of leukocytosis.
Language
English
Publication Title
Journal of Hospital Medicine
Rights
© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Recommended Citation
Sullivan E, Schulte R, Rothberg MB. Elevation in white blood cell count after corticosteroid use in noninfected hospitalized patients. J Hosp Med. 2025; 20: 824-828. doi:10.1002/jhm.70008
Manuscript Version
Final Publisher Version